\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.linuxidc.com\/Linux\/2015-07\/120833.htm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Systemctl\u662f\u4e00\u4e2asystemd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a7\u5236systemd\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Systemd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u4ee3System V\u521d\u59cb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002Systemd\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7c7bUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728Linux\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cSystemd\u88ab\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6807\u51c6Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5c1a\u672a\u90e8\u7f72\u3002Systemd\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manage Linux Services Using Systemctl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528Systemctl\u7ba1\u7406Linux\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u9610\u660e\u5728\u8fd0\u884csystemd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Systemd\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c\u548cSystemctl\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u88c5\u6709systemd\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemd \u2013version
systemd 215
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +SYSVINIT +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +ACL +XZ -SECCOMP -APPARMOR
\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86215\u7248\u672c\u7684systemd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u68c0\u67e5systemd\u548csystemctl\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# whereis systemd
systemd:\/usr\/lib\/systemd \/etc\/systemd \/usr\/share\/systemd \/usr\/share\/man\/man1\/systemd.1.gz
# whereis systemctl
systemctl:\/usr\/bin\/systemctl \/usr\/share\/man\/man1\/systemctl.1.gz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u68c0\u67e5systemd\u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# ps -eaf | grep [s]ystemd
root 10016:27?00:00:00\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd \u2013switched-root \u2013system \u2013deserialize 23
root 4441016:27?00:00:00\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-journald
root 4691016:27?00:00:00\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-udevd
root 5551016:27?00:00:00\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-logind
dbus 5561016:27?00:00:00\/bin\/dbus-daemon \u2013system \u2013address=systemd:\u2013nofork \u2013nopidfile \u2013systemd-activation
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1asystemd\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08PID=1\uff09\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5e26\uff08-e\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u7684ps\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\uff08-a\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u9664\u4f1a\u8bdd\u524d\u5bfc\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\uff08-f\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u683c\u5f0f\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5373 -eaf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e5f\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u540e\u968f\u7684\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u548c\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662fgrep\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. \u5206\u6790systemd\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemd-analyze
Startup finished in487ms(kernel)+2.776s(initrd)+20.229s(userspace)=23.493s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. \u5206\u6790\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u5404\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemd-analyze blame
8.565s mariadb.service
7.991s webmin.service
6.095s postfix.service
4.311s httpd.service
3.926s firewalld.service
3.780s kdump.service
3.238s tuned.service
1.712s network.service
1.394s lvm2-monitor.service
1.126s systemd-logind.service
\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. \u5206\u6790\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u94fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemd-analyze critical-chain
The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the \u201c@\u201d character.
The time the unit takes to start is printed after the \u201c+\u201d character.
multi-user.target @20.222s
\u2514\u2500mariadb.service @11.657s+8.565s
\u2514\u2500network.target @11.168s
\u2514\u2500network.service @9.456s+1.712s
\u2514\u2500NetworkManager.service @8.858s+596ms
\u2514\u2500firewalld.service @4.931s+3.926s
\u2514\u2500basic.target @4.916s
\u2514\u2500sockets.target @4.916s
\u2514\u2500dbus.socket @4.916s
\u2514\u2500sysinit.target @4.905s
\u2514\u2500systemd-update-utmp.service @4.864s+39ms
\u2514\u2500auditd.service @4.563s+301ms
\u2514\u2500systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @4.485s+69ms
\u2514\u2500rhel-import-state.service @4.342s+142ms
\u2514\u2500local-fs.target @4.324s
\u2514\u2500boot.mount @4.286s+31ms
\u2514\u2500systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\\x2duuid-79f594ad\\x2da332\\x2d4730\\x2dbb5f\\x2d85d19608096
\u2514\u2500dev-disk-by\\x2duuid-79f594ad\\x2da332\\x2d4730\\x2dbb5f\\x2d85d196080964.device@4
\u91cd\u8981\uff1aSystemctl\u63a5\u53d7\u670d\u52a1\uff08.service\uff09\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff08.mount\uff09\uff0c\u5957\u63a5\u53e3\uff08.socket\uff09\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\uff08.device\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl list-unit-files
UNIT FILE STATE
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount static
dev-hugepages.mount static
dev-mqueue.mount static
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount static
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static
sys-kernel-config.mount static
sys-kernel-debug.mount static
tmp.mount disabled
brandbot.path disabled
\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8. \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl list-units
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active waiting ArbitraryExecutableFileFormatsFileSyste
sys-devices-pc\u20260-1:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded active plugged VBOX_CD-ROM
sys-devices-pc\u2026:00:03.0-net-enp0s3.device loaded active plugged PRO\/1000 MT DesktopAdapter
sys-devices-pc\u202600:05.0-sound-card0.device loaded active plugged 82801AA AC\u201997 Audio Controller
sys-devices-pc\u2026:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loaded active plugged VBOX_HARDDISK
sys-devices-pc\u2026:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loaded active plugged LVM PV Qzyo3l-qYaL-uRUa-Cjuk-pljo-qKtX-VgBQ8
sys-devices-pc\u20260-2:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded active plugged VBOX_HARDDISK
sys-devices-pl\u2026erial8250-tty-ttyS0.device loaded active plugged \/sys\/devices\/platform\/serial8250\/tty\/ttyS0
sys-devices-pl\u2026erial8250-tty-ttyS1.device loaded active plugged \/sys\/devices\/platform\/serial8250\/tty\/ttyS1
sys-devices-pl\u2026erial8250-tty-ttyS2.device loaded active plugged \/sys\/devices\/platform\/serial8250\/tty\/ttyS2
sys-devices-pl\u2026erial8250-tty-ttyS3.device loaded active plugged \/sys\/devices\/platform\/serial8250\/tty\/ttyS3
sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\\x2d0.device loaded active plugged \/sys\/devices\/virtual\/block\/dm-0
sys-devices-virtual-block-dm\\x2d1.device loaded active plugged \/sys\/devices\/virtual\/block\/dm-1
sys-module-configfs.device loaded active plugged \/sys\/module\/configfs
\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
9. \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl \u2013failed
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
kdump.service loaded failed failed Crash recovery kernel arming
LOAD =Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE =The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB =The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
1 loaded units listed.Pass\u2013all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use\u2019systemctl list-unit-files\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10. \u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\uff08\u5982 cron.service\uff09\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl is-enabled crond.service
enabled<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11. \u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl status firewalld.service
firewalld.service \u2013 firewalld -dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/firewalld.service; enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue2015-04-2816:27:55 IST;34min ago
Main PID:549(firewalld)
CGroup:\/system.slice\/firewalld.service
\u2514\u2500549\/usr\/bin\/python -Es\/usr\/sbin\/firewalld \u2013nofork \u2013nopid
Apr2816:27:51 tecmint systemd[1]:Starting firewalld -dynamic firewall daemon\u2026
Apr2816:27:55 tecmint systemd[1]:Started firewalld -dynamic firewall daemon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528Systemctl\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12. \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u542f\u7528\u7684\u548c\u7981\u7528\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl list-unit-files \u2013type=service
UNIT FILE STATE
arp-ethers.service disabled
auditd.service enabled
autovt@.service disabled
blk-availability.service disabled
brandbot.service static
collectd.service disabled
console-getty.service disabled
console-shell.service disabled
cpupower.service disabled
crond.service enabled
dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service enabled
\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
13. Linux\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u53ca\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982 httpd.service\uff09\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl start httpd.service
# systemctl restart httpd.service
# systemctl stop httpd.service
# systemctl reload httpd.service
# systemctl status httpd.service
httpd.service -TheApache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service; enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue2015-04-2817:21:30 IST;6s ago
Process:2876ExecStop=\/bin\/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID}(code=exited, status=0\/SUCCESS)
Main PID:2881(httpd)
Status:\u201dProcessing requests\u2026\u201d
CGroup:\/system.slice\/httpd.service
\u251c\u25002881\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u251c\u25002884\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u251c\u25002885\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u251c\u25002886\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u251c\u25002887\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u2514\u25002888\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Apr2817:21:30 tecmint systemd[1]:StartingTheApache HTTP Server\u2026
Apr2817:21:30 tecmint httpd[2881]: AH00558: httpd:Couldnot reliably determine the server\u2019s fully q\u2026ssage
Apr 28 17:21:30 tecmint systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528systemctl\u7684start\uff0crestart\uff0cstop\u548creload\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u6709status\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
14. \u5982\u4f55\u6fc0\u6d3b\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl is-active httpd.service
# systemctl enable httpd.service
# systemctl disable httpd.service<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15. \u5982\u4f55\u5c4f\u853d\uff08\u8ba9\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u6216\u663e\u793a\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982 httpd.service\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl mask httpd.service
ln -s \u2018\/dev\/null\u201d\/etc\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service\u2019
# systemctl unmask httpd.service
rm \u2018\/etc\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16. \u4f7f\u7528systemctl\u547d\u4ee4\u6740\u6b7b\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl kill httpd
# systemctl status httpd
httpd.service -TheApache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service; enabled)
Active: failed (Result:exit-code) since Tue2015-04-2818:01:42 IST;28min ago
Main PID:2881(code=exited, status=0\/SUCCESS)
Status:\u201dTotal requests: 0; Current requests\/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B\/sec\u201d
Apr2817:37:29 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2817:37:29 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2817:37:39 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2817:37:39 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2817:37:49 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2817:37:49 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2817:37:59 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2817:37:59 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service:Got notification message from PID 2881, but recepti\u2026bled.
Apr2818:01:42 tecmint systemd[1]: httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=226
Apr2818:01:42 tecmint systemd[1]:Unit httpd.service entered failed state.
Hint:Some lines were ellipsized,use-l to show in full.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528Systemctl\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17. \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl list-unit-files \u2013type=mount
UNIT FILE STATE
dev-hugepages.mount static
dev-mqueue.mount static
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount static
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static
sys-kernel-config.mount static
sys-kernel-debug.mount static
tmp.mount disabled<\/p>\n\n\n\n
18. \u6302\u8f7d\u3001\u5378\u8f7d\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl start tmp.mount
# systemctl stop tmp.mount
# systemctl restart tmp.mount
# systemctl reload tmp.mount
# systemctl status tmp.mount
tmp.mount -TemporaryDirectory
Loaded: loaded (\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/tmp.mount; disabled)
Active: active (mounted) since Tue2015-04-2817:46:06 IST;2min48s ago
Where:\/tmp
What: tmpfs
Docs: man:hier(7)
http:\/\/www.freedesktop.org\/wiki\/Software\/systemd\/APIFileSystems
Process:3908ExecMount=\/bin\/mount tmpfs \/tmp -t tmpfs -o mode=1777,strictatime (code=exited, status=0\/SUCCESS)
Apr2817:46:06 tecmint systemd[1]:MountingTemporaryDirectory\u2026
Apr2817:46:06 tecmint systemd[1]: tmp.mount:Directory\/tmp to mount over isnot empty, mounting anyway.
Apr2817:46:06 tecmint systemd[1]:MountedTemporaryDirectory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
19. \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3001\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl is-active tmp.mount
# systemctl enable tmp.mount
# systemctl disable tmp.mount<\/p>\n\n\n\n
20. \u5728Linux\u4e2d\u5c4f\u853d\uff08\u8ba9\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u542f\u7528\uff09\u6216\u53ef\u89c1\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl mask tmp.mount
ln -s \u2018\/dev\/null\u201d\/etc\/systemd\/system\/tmp.mount\u2019
# systemctl unmask tmp.mount
rm \u2018\/etc\/systemd\/system\/tmp.mount\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528Systemctl\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u5957\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
21. \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5957\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl list-unit-files \u2013type=socket
UNIT FILE STATE
dbus.socket static
dm-event.socket enabled
lvm2-lvmetad.socket enabled
rsyncd.socket disabled
sshd.socket disabled
syslog.socket static
systemd-initctl.socket static
systemd-journald.socket static
systemd-shutdownd.socket static
systemd-udevd-control.socket static
systemd-udevd-kernel.socket static
11 unit files listed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
22. \u5728Linux\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u5957\u63a5\u53e3\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl start cups.socket
# systemctl restart cups.socket
# systemctl stop cups.socket
# systemctl reload cups.socket
# systemctl status cups.socket
cups.socket \u2013 CUPS PrintingServiceSockets
Loaded: loaded (\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/cups.socket; enabled)
Active: active (listening) since Tue2015-04-2818:10:59 IST;8s ago
Listen:\/var\/run\/cups\/cups.sock (Stream)
Apr2818:10:59 tecmint systemd[1]:Starting CUPS PrintingServiceSockets.
Apr2818:10:59 tecmint systemd[1]:Listening on CUPS PrintingServiceSockets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
23. \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5957\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u5b83\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u542f\u52a8\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl is-active cups.socket
# systemctl enable cups.socket
# systemctl disable cups.socket<\/p>\n\n\n\n
24. \u5c4f\u853d\uff08\u4f7f\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u6216\u663e\u793a\u5957\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl mask cups.socket
ln -s \u2018\/dev\/null\u201d\/etc\/systemd\/system\/cups.socket\u2019
# systemctl unmask cups.socket
rm \u2018\/etc\/systemd\/system\/cups.socket\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u670d\u52a1\u7684CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff08\u5206\u914d\u989d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
25. \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684CPU\u5206\u914d\u989d\uff08\u5982httpd\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl show -p CPUShares httpd.service
CPUShares=1024
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4CPU\u5206\u914d\u4efd\u989d=1024\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\/\u51cf\u5c11\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u5206\u914d\u4efd\u989d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
26. \u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff08httpd.service\uff09\u7684CPU\u5206\u914d\u4efd\u989d\u9650\u5236\u4e3a2000 CPUShares\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl set-property httpd.service CPUShares=2000
# systemctl show -p CPUShares httpd.service
CPUShares=2000
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5f53\u4f60\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u7f6eCPUShares\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u5982 httpd.service\uff09\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a90-CPUShares.conf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u542b\u6709CPUShare\u9650\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# vi \/etc\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service.d\/90-CPUShares.conf
[Service]
CPUShares=2000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
27. \u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u7ec6\u8282<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl show httpd
Id=httpd.service
Names=httpd.service
Requires=basic.target
Wants=system.slice
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Conflicts=shutdown.target
Before=shutdown.target multi-user.target
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target systemd-journald.socket basic.target system.slice
Description=TheApache HTTP Server
LoadState=loaded
ActiveState=active
SubState=running
FragmentPath=\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service
\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
28. \u5206\u6790\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff08httpd\uff09\u7684\u5173\u952e\u94fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemd-analyze critical-chain httpd.service
The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the \u201c@\u201d character.
The time the unit takes to start is printed after the \u201c+\u201d character.
httpd.service +142ms
\u2514\u2500network.target @11.168s
\u2514\u2500network.service @9.456s+1.712s
\u2514\u2500NetworkManager.service @8.858s+596ms
\u2514\u2500firewalld.service @4.931s+3.926s
\u2514\u2500basic.target @4.916s
\u2514\u2500sockets.target @4.916s
\u2514\u2500dbus.socket @4.916s
\u2514\u2500sysinit.target @4.905s
\u2514\u2500systemd-update-utmp.service @4.864s+39ms
\u2514\u2500auditd.service @4.563s+301ms
\u2514\u2500systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @4.485s+69ms
\u2514\u2500rhel-import-state.service @4.342s+142ms
\u2514\u2500local-fs.target @4.324s
\u2514\u2500boot.mount @4.286s+31ms
\u2514\u2500systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\\x2duuid-79f594ad\\x2da332\\x2d4730\\x2dbb5f\\x2d85d196080964.service@4.092s+149ms
\u2514\u2500dev-disk-by\\x2duuid-79f594ad\\x2da332\\x2d4730\\x2dbb5f\\x2d85d196080964.device@4.092s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
29. \u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff08httpd\uff09\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl list-dependencies httpd.service
httpd.service
\u251c\u2500system.slice
\u2514\u2500basic.target
\u251c\u2500firewalld.service
\u251c\u2500microcode.service
\u251c\u2500rhel-autorelabel-mark.service
\u251c\u2500rhel-autorelabel.service
\u251c\u2500rhel-configure.service
\u251c\u2500rhel-dmesg.service
\u251c\u2500rhel-loadmodules.service
\u251c\u2500paths.target
\u251c\u2500slices.target
\u2502\u251c\u2500-.slice
\u2502\u2514\u2500system.slice
\u251c\u2500sockets.target
\u2502\u251c\u2500dbus.socket
\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
30. \u6309\u7b49\u7ea7\u5217\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemd-cgls
\u251c\u25001\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd \u2013switched-root \u2013system \u2013deserialize 23
\u251c\u2500user.slice
\u2502\u2514\u2500user-0.slice
\u2502\u2514\u2500session-1.scope
\u2502\u251c\u25002498 sshd: root@pts\/0
\u2502\u251c\u25002500-bash
\u2502\u251c\u25004521 systemd-cgls
\u2502\u2514\u25004522 systemd-cgls
\u2514\u2500system.slice
\u251c\u2500httpd.service
\u2502\u251c\u25004440\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u2502\u251c\u25004442\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u2502\u251c\u25004443\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u2502\u251c\u25004444\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u2502\u251c\u25004445\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u2502\u2514\u25004446\/usr\/sbin\/httpd -DFOREGROUND
\u251c\u2500polkit.service
\u2502\u2514\u2500721\/usr\/lib\/polkit-1\/polkitd \u2013no-debug
\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
31. \u6309CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemd-cgtop
PathTasks%CPU MemoryInput\/s Output\/s
\/831.0437.8M\u2013
\/system.slice -0.1\u2014
\/system.slice\/mariadb.service 20.1\u2014
\/system.slice\/tuned.service 10.0\u2014
\/system.slice\/httpd.service 60.0\u2014
\/system.slice\/NetworkManager.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/atop.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/atopacct.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/auditd.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/crond.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/dbus.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/firewalld.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/lvm2-lvmetad.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/polkit.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/postfix.service 3\u2014-
\/system.slice\/rsyslog.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/system-getty.slice\/getty@tty1.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/systemd-journald.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/systemd-logind.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/systemd-udevd.service 1\u2014-
\/system.slice\/webmin.service 1\u2014-
\/user.slice\/user-0.slice\/session-1.scope3\u2014-<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
32. \u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl rescue
Broadcast message from root@tecmint on pts\/0(Wed2015-04-2911:31:18 IST):
The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
33. \u8fdb\u5165\u7d27\u6025\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl emergency
Welcome to emergency mode!After logging in, type \u201cjournalctl -xb\u201d to view
system logs,\u201dsystemctl reboot\u201d to reboot,\u201dsystemctl default\u201d to try again
to boot intodefault mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
34. \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target<\/p>\n\n\n\n
35. \u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u7ea75\uff0c\u5373\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl isolate runlevel5.target
\u6216
# systemctl isolate graphical.target<\/p>\n\n\n\n
36. \u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u7ea73\uff0c\u5373\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl isolate runlevel3.target
\u6216
# systemctl isolate multiuser.target<\/p>\n\n\n\n
36. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl set-default runlevel3.target
# systemctl set-default runlevel5.target<\/p>\n\n\n\n
37. \u91cd\u542f\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u6302\u8d77\u3001\u4f11\u7720\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u5165\u6df7\u5408\u7761\u7720<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl reboot
# systemctl halt
# systemctl suspend
# systemctl hibernate
# systemctl hybrid-sleep
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u77e5\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e3a\u4f55\u7269\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Runlevel 0 : \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf
Runlevel 1 : \u6551\u63f4\uff1f\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f
Runlevel 3 : \u591a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u65e0\u56fe\u5f62\u7cfb\u7edf
Runlevel 4 : \u591a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u65e0\u56fe\u5f62\u7cfb\u7edf
Runlevel 5 : \u591a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf
Runlevel 6 : \u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u91cd\u542f\u673a\u5668
\u5230\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\u5427\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u54e6\u3002\u559c\u6b22\u6211\u4eec\u3001\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u6c42\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u672c\u6587\u6c38\u4e45\u66f4\u65b0\u94fe\u63a5\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.linuxidc.com\/Linux\/2015-07\/120833.htm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.linuxidc.com\/Linux\/2015-07\/120833.htm S […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-it"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=523"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":706,"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/523\/revisions\/706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iur.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}